About Dr. C. Russell Philbrick PhD

Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

$STUDIESOFCENTERSPRODUCED $EFFECTSOFGAMMAIRRADIATION $CHARACTERISTICSOFATMOSPHERWAVES $CHARACTERIZATIONOFADIODEARRAY $ANOPTICALDETECTIONSYSTEM $PERFORMANCEANALYSISOFTHELAMP $PERFORMANCEANALYSISLAMP $PERFORMANCEANALYSISOFTHELAMPRAYLEIGH $LIDARSTUDIESOFEXTINCTION $MULTIWAVELENGTHRAMANRAYLEIGHLIDAR $LOWERTROPOSPHERICTEMP $REMOTESENSINGTECHNIQUESINTHEINFRAREDREGION $INVESTIGATIONOFAEROSOLANDCLOUD $MULTIWAVELENGTHDIFFERENTIALABSORPTION $RESONANCERAMANSPECTROSCOPY $MEASUREMENTANDANALYSISOFATMOSPHERICSPECIES $MODELINGRADIOMETRICANDPOLARIZED $CHARACTERIZATIONOFAEROSOLS $MULTISCALECHARACTERIZATIONOFTHEPROBABILITY $ATTENUATIONOFLIGHTBYAEROSOL

	S. Maruvada "Lidar Studies of Extinction Due to Stratospheric Aerosols" MS - May 1993
	"Daytime Performance of the Lamp Rayleigh/Raman Lidar System", D. W. Machuga, The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 1993, 82 pages
	J. A. Anuskiewicz "A Volume Scanning System for a Lidar and Radar Sounder" MS - Aug 1993
	T. E. Manning II, "Design, Manufacture, and Testing of Volume Scanning Mechanisms for a Lidar and Radar Sounder", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, August 1993, 146 pages
	S. C. McKinley "Water Vapor Distribution and Refractive Properties of the Troposphere" MS - May 1994
	B. K. Mathason, "Performance Efficiency of the WAVE-LARS Scanning Lidar System", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, August 1994, 74 pages
	A. S. Venkatarao, "An Automated Fiber Positioning Mechanism for Lidar Application", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, August 1994, 47 pages
	G. R. Evanisko, "Characterization of the WAVE-LARS Polarization Lidar Transmitter and Receiver", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, December 1994, 70 pages
	M. D. O'Brien, "Design of a Data Acquisition and Control System for a Volume Scanning Multi-Wavelength Polarization Lidar", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, December 1994, 100 pages
	J. Yurak, "Design of a Safety Radar System to Enable Safe Off Zenith Laser Transmission", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, December 1994, 84 pages
	"A Digitally Controlled Safety Radar Subsystem for Atmospheric Lidar Systems", S. P. Boone, The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 1995, 111 pages
	"Energy Monitoring and Control of Harmonic Generators for Lidar Application", S. O. Sprague, The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 1995, 60 pages
	"Pure Rotational Raman Lidar for Temperature Measurements in the Lower Troposphere", P. A. T. Haris, The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, August 1995, 170 pages
	R. S. Harris, "Observations of Atmospheric Water Vapor Using Raman Lidar Techniques", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 1996, 61 pages
	T. D. Stevens, "Bistatic Lidar Measurements of Lower Tropospheric Aerosols", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, May 1996, 247 pages
	R. E. Kiser, "The Generation and Characterization of Surf Zone Aerosols and Their Impact on Naval Electro-Optical Systems", U.S. Naval Academy, Master's Thesis, March 1997, 80 pages
	Daniel E. Harrison "Comparison of Lidar and Mini-Rawinsonde Profiles" (Co-Chairman of Committee - Naval Postgraduate School) MS - June 1997
	A. V. Nanduri, "Applications of an Acousto-optic Tunable Filter in Remote Sensing", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, December 1997, 91 pages
	W. A. Durbin, "Lidar Measurements Of Ozone In The Lower Atmosphere", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, December 1997, 49 pages
	Michael E. Zugger "Visible-Wavelength Transmissometer Design and Analysis" MS - May 1998
	D. E. Harrison, "Comparison Of Lidar And Mini-Rawin Sonde Profiles", U.S. Navy, Master's Thesis, June 1998, 52 pages
	Tammy Kubasko "Analysis of the Properties of an Electrostatic Quadrapole Lens Used for Post-Deflection Focusing" (Co-Chairman of Cormnittee) MS - Dec 1998
	S. T. Esposito, "Applications and Analysis of Raman Lidar Techniques for Measurements of Ozone and Water Vapor in the Troposphere", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 1999, 92 pages
	K. R. Mulik, "Evolution of Ozone and Particulate Matter during Pollution Events Using Raman Lidar", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 2000, 68 pages
	E. S. Sears, "Remote Sensing of Nutrient Deficiency in Lactuca sativa Using Neural Networks for Terrestrial and Advanced Life Support Applications", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, April 2001, 224 pages
	G. S. Chadha, "Optical Design for Advanced Lidar Detectors", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 2001, 63 pages
	A. D. Achey, "Design of an Upgraded Electronics Control System for An Advanced Lidar Atmospheric Profiling System", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 2002, 77 pages
	C. F. Bas, "Investigation of Surf-Zone Plumes with a Two-Dimensional Bistatic Lidar and the Polarization Ratio Method", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, May 2002, 183 pages
	E. J. Novitsky, "Multistatic Lidar Profile Measurements of Lower Tropospheric Aerosol and Particulate Matter", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, May 2002, 287 pages
	G. L. O'Marr, "Airborne Particulate Matter in the Urban Environment during Summer in the Northeast United States", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 2002, 69 pages
	>Corey Slick "Advanced Lidar Techniques for Atmospheric Temperature Measurements" MS - May 2002
	S. N. Kizhakkemadam, "Estimation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Depth from Raman Lidar Using 2-D Spatial Filters", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, December 2002, 96 pages
	S. J. Verghese, "Characterization of Low-Level Jets and their Influence on Air Pollution Using Raman Lidar and Wind Profiling Radar/RASS", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, August 2003, 85 pages
	S. Unni, "Measurement and Analysis of Optical Extinction Properties", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, December 2003, 97 pages
	G. Li, "Atmospheric Aerosol and Particle Properties Using Lidar", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, May 2004, 152 pages
	P. J. Collier, "RF Refraction on Atmospheric Paths from Raman Lidar", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, August 2004, 79 pages
	J. Begnoche, "Analytical Techniques for Laser Remote Sensing with a Super-Continuum White Light Laser", The Pennsylvania State University, Master's Thesis, May 2005, 36 pages
	J. H. Park, "Multiple Scattering Measurements Using Multistatic Lidar", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, May 2008, 190 pages
	A. H. Willitsford, "Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in the Ultraviolet Using a Tunable Laser", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, August 2008, 201 pages
	A. M. Brown, "Multiwavelength Multistatic Optical Scattering for Aerosol Characterization", The Pennsylvania State University, Doctoral Dissertation, 2010, 180 pages
	T. D. Stevens, "The Development of a Large Beam Defect Scanner", The Pennsylvania State University, Senior Honors Thesis, 1990, 81 pages
	Sven G. Bilen May 91 "CSSL Tracking Helioscope Development"
	M.A. Straub May 91 "Frequency Dependence of Radiowave Propagation in the Atmosphere"
	T. Barkdoll May 91 "Design and Construction of a Fluxgate Magnetometer"
	R.B. Taylor May 92 "Measuring Visibility Using Laser Diode Remote Sensing"
	J. Palmieri May 92 "The Development of a Tracking Helioscope"
	E.J. Novitsky May 92 "Measurement of Maxwell Currents Using an Atmospheric Electrometer"
	M. D. O'Brien, "Measuring Variations in the Earth's Magnetic Field with a Fluxgate Magnetometer", The Pennsylvania State University, Senior Honors Thesis, 1992, 34 pages
	G.A. Babich May 93 "Development of a Multi-Wavelength Polarimeter"
	J. Wu, "Measuring Atmospheric And Aerosol Properties With A Multi-Wavelength Polarimeter", The Pennsylvania State University, Senior Honors Thesis, August 1994, 86 pages
	B. S. Kayyali, "Characterization of a Fourier transform interferometer", The Pennsylvania State University, Senior Honors Thesis, December 1996, 41 pages
	M. P. Angert, "Airborne Particle Characterization from Optical Scattering: a New Concept Design", The Pennsylvania State University, Senior Honors Thesis, 2002, 73 pages
	M. A. Oratis, "The Design and Testing of a Rocket-Borne Noctilucent Cloud Photometer", The Pennsylvania State University, Senior Honors Thesis, 2005, 36 pages
	E. J. Novitsky, "Measurement of Maxwell Currents Using an Atmospheric Electrometer", The Pennsylvania State University, Senior Honors Thesis, 1992, 25 pages

Membership in Professional & Academic Societies

	Sigma Pi Sigma (Scholastic Physics Honor Society) (1961 - present)
	American Physical Society (1962 - present)
	Sigma Xi (Research Honor Society) (1965 - present)
	Optical Society of America (1965 - present)
	American Geophysical Union (1966 - present)
	SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering (1988 - present)
	American Society for Engineering Education (1988 - present)
	American Meteorological Society (1990 - present)
	IEEE Senior Member (1997 - present)
	Air & Waste Management Association (1998 - present)

Governmental Agencies and International, Federal and State Activities

	2009-Present - NC State University Professor in Departments of Physics and Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences
	2006 - Blue Ribbon Advisory Panel on Chem-Bio Agent Standoff Detection for US Army
	2005 - Conducted Analysis of Alternatives for Atmospheric Measurements Supporting Naval Operations — US Navy - SPAWAR
	2005 - Opening Plenary Address for European Space Agency Symposium on Rocket, Balloon and Related Research
	2004-06 - Faculty advisor and PI for the NASA ESPRIT Student Rocket Launched 1 July 2006
	2004 - Technical Program Committee for the 2004 International Laser Radar Conference in Matera, Italy
	2002 - Member of Panel on Detection of Chemical/Biological Hazards in an Urban Environment, Washington DC
	2001 - Member of "Blue-Ribbon" Panel on Laser and Bio-Detection Standoff Detection Systems for Chemical and Biological Defense for the US Army, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground Edgewood Area, MD
	2001 - Technical Program Committee for the 2002 International Laser Radar Conference in Ottawa
	1998-2008 - Adjunct Professor in Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at NC State University
	1997-2005 - Representative to North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO) which coordinates activities in environmental programs in US, Canada and Mexico
	1996-2001 - MORIAH Committee Member - Technical advisor to the US Navy Office of the Oceanographer (environmental sensors for next generation of surface ships)
	1995 - Member of Coordination Committee for US-Russian Scientific Cooperation - Workshop in Moscow sponsored by the National Research Council to present lectures and assist in setting up a future system for support of scientific research at universities and government laboratories.
	1994-2002 - Technical Advisor for NPOESS (National Polar Orbit Envir. Satellite System)
	1993 - European Space Agency, Invited Lecture and Workshop
	1993-Present - SPIE Technical Program Committee
	1992 - Electrodynamics and Composition of the Mesosphere Workshop - Working Group 4 STEP, at the Applied Physics Institute in Nizhny-Novgorod Russia, by Invitation of National Research Council in March.
	1992 - NSF CEDAR Workshop, Presented Short Course on Laser Remote Sensing, Boulder CO
	1992 - World Space Congress, 29 Plenary of COSPAR - Conference Organizer & Session Chair
	1991-1992 – Invitation of the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research to join a scientific cruse on the RV Polarstern research ship from Arctic to Antarctic – September 1991 to January 1992
	1990-1992 - Lidar Requirements Collection Committee (LRCC) and Scientific Advisory Panel for PFRR Research Range, Alaska
	1990-1992 - Research Advisory panel for Aviation Week and Space Technology
	1990-1992 - Technical Advisor for DARPA for Photonics Mast Development
	1989-1990 - Test and Evaluation of Underwater Lidar for US Navy
	1987-present - Technical Program Committee for SPIE annual conference
	1988-1992 - Technical Advisor US Navy's SLC (Satellite Laser Communications) Program
	1987-1994 - Member of the NASA/USAF National Aerospace Plane Natural Environment Committee (Report provided in 1994)
	1985 - Member of Tri-Service Congressional Committee to Develop Chemical Defense Plan
	1983-1984 - Air Force Roadmap for Chemical Defense
	1981 - Senior Research Fellow at the Max Plank Institute in Germany
	1978-1985 - Technical Advisor to USAF ADS System Program (Chemical Agent Detection)
	1977-1979 - Develop the Kwajalein Reference Atmospheres - 1979 Model
	1976-1979 - Develop Dynamic Model of the Mesosphere
	1974-1979 - Ionospheric Model Development with CIRA
	1974-1979 - Technical Advisor for USAF Reentry Test Program
	1972-1994 - Member COSPAR Commission on Space Studies of the Earth's Surface, Met. and Climate
	1972-1994 - Member COSPAR Commission on Space Studies of the Upper Atmosphere of the Earth and Planets including Reference Atmospheres (Commission Chairman 1978-1982)
	1972-1994 - Committee and panel work for IAGA, and STEP
	1968-1979 - Upper Atmosphere Model Developments for Satellite Reentry Prediction
	1966-1982 - Technical Advisor for DASA (DNA) on atmospheric nuclear weapons effects
	1964-1965 - Filed patent Disclosure on Thermoluminescent Dosimeter, then decided to make all future accomplishments public knowledge
	1961-Present - FAA Private Pilot License (single engine)

Special Experience and Responsibilities

1. Principal Investigator (PI) for nine mass spectrometer satellite instruments that measured the neutral and ion species densities in the thermosphere between 1967 and 1976 [these satellites were ADCOS (OV3-6), SPADES (OV1-15), OVl-21, S3-1 and S3-2]. Each of the instruments worked well and provided an important part of the data base that was used to develop the US Standard Atmosphere (USSA-76), Air Force Reference Atmospheres, COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA), and several ionospheric models, including the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). I served also as the project scientist for the two the small scientific satellites (S3-1 and S3-2). This included coordination of the scientific interface for pre-launch preparation and system testing of these spacecraft. The effort included the development several unique designs for flight mass spectrometers. An original type of satellite mass spectrometer, a Velocity Mass Spectrometer (VMS) was developed and first flown on the OV1-21 satellite.
2. My research team at the AF Cambridge Research Lab developed the NACS cryo-pumped quadrupole mass spectrometer and obtained the first mass spectrometer measurements of the gas species densities in the mesosphere. In 1970, NACS obtained the first direct measurements of atomic oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, ozone, and other mesospheric gasses. The first measurements of turbopause height were obtained with the NACS instrument from the Ar/N₂ ratio. We found that the transition from turbulence to molecular diffusion could occur at altitudes slightly less than 90 km to at least 105 km depending upon the atmospheric conditions, based on measurements from several flights. I was PI for the largest US rocket investigation ever undertaken, ALADDIN74, as well as PI or co-PI for several coordinated programs ALADDIN I, ALADDIN II, PCA69, Energy Budget Campaign (EBC), MAPWINE, CAMP, and the AURORAL-E campaigns. We also developed and used a unique piezoelectric accelerometer instrument payload to measure the wind, temperature, and turbulence in the mesosphere and over a range of altitude from 50 to 160 km. The results from these studies provided the highest resolution measurements of the structure parameters in the mesosphere and are still used to define the properties of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Measurements from these rocket instruments provided the foundation used to prepare and test many of the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere models that are used today.
3. We began our development of Raman lidar techniques in 1977 to investigate the tropopause and middle atmosphere structure and dynamical properties, also eventually supplemented measurements of meteorological rockets and balloon sondes. My research group prepared two Raman lidar instruments at the AFGL laboratory, GLEAM and GLINT. The GLEAM lidar was our first large research lidar using an Nd-YAG laser with a 1-meter diameter telescope. It was prepared in the roof-top Lidar Laboratory on the roof of the AFCRL facility at Hanscom AFB. GLINT was made transportable and was deployed at NASA Wallops, VA, Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR) AK, and other locations to investigate the atmosphere and demonstrate its capability to profile the lower and middle atmosphere properties in the region that could only be obtained until then with meteorological balloons and rocket sondes.
4. Scientific efforts have always been linked with a range of specific DoD topics. Between 1966 and 1975, a major part of my effort was focused on understanding the effects of atmospheric plasmas, both man-made and natural, on radio wave propagation. Most of these investigations of ionospheric effects were carried out at high latitude where aurora and energetic particle events provided useful situations for testing these effects. I served on a committee to evaluate how to best correct for the refraction of radio wave path bending and time delay as a basis for the designs that now are our GPS system. The global ionosphere electron distribution provides a formidable problem in determining the path of RF waves. We used several transmitters on satellites at different RF frequencies, together with ground based receivers to develop and evaluate designs that could reliably be analyzed to determine a specific location. During the period 1974 to 1979, it was my responsibility to work on improvements to the reentry vehicle trajectory analysis at Kwajlein Missile Range. This effort resulted in a new capability to make measurements in the reentry corridor to validate new vehicle configurations. Also, we prepared the KMR Reference Model Atmosphere. Between 1978 and 1985, I served as technical advisor for the development and demonstration of a DIAL lidar system that could detect and measure the concentration profiles of the chemical agents. Additional efforts included analysis of the environment effects for the National Aerospace Plane, problems associated with submarine optical communications, effects of atmospheric refractivity on radar beam ducting, analysis of problems associated with atmospheric optical propagation on several systems, and evaluation of chemical and biological agent detection programs.
5. We began developing Raman lidar techniques and extending Rayleigh lidar measurements into the mesosphere in 1977. In 1996, we demonstrated the first operational prototype Raman lidar, LAPS, which was developed for the Navy to supplement and replace most of the balloon sonde use on ships and at coastal sites. This instrument was also designed to provide real time meteorology and RF refractivity data for radar corrections. LAPS instrument was the fifth generation of Raman lidars that we developed for profiling atmospheric properties. During the period 1997 to present, we have focused our major efforts to understand to physical and chemical processes associated with air pollution episodes by applying lidar, together with the instruments of many colleagues, in cooperative research programs.

Professional Honors and Activities

	10 Awards and Citations by Air Force for Technical Achievement - 1968 to 1987
	USAF Commendation Medal - 1968
	US Air Force Research and Development Award - 1969
	Air Force Systems Command Occupational Health and Safety Award - 1986
	Senior Research Fellow, Max-Plank-Institute - 1981

Rocket Experiments

My early challenge at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory (AFCRL) was to develop a new mass spectrometer instrument to measure the gas composition in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, while assisting Dr. Rocco Narcisi with his work using an ion mass spectrometer. My work resulted in developing the Neutral Atmospheric Composition Spectrometer (NACS) instrument, which made use of the earlier ion instruments design. Several new developments were made in the mechanical and electrical design, a cryosorption pump was designed to maintain low pressure in the analysis volume, and a special electron ionization source for this instrument was designed. Special credits go to three engineers Allen Baily, Raymond Wlodyka, and Frank Federico, who applied their skills to the electrical and mechanical designs of these mass spectrometer instruments, and Edward McKenna who oversaw the design and testing of the rocket payload. The first launch failed because the nose cone did not eject on up leg of the flight. In 1970, we were successful in making the first measurements of the gas composition in the altitude region 50-120 km, which resulted in the first observation the gas separation from mixing at the turbopause based on the Ar/N₂ ratio and we measured the profiles of N₂, O₂, Ar, O₃, CO₂, and gravity waves through that region. Over the next ten years, we successfully measured the gas composition a dozen times at different locations and under a range of conditions.

In 1968, I was asked to lead a major rocket program to study the aurora, as a way of answering several remaining questions about atmospheric plasmas, since this was the only source for atmospheric plasma available to us after the test ban was signed. We conducted a couple of launches in 1968, and prepared to conduct a major investigation in 1969 to launch payloads into a Polar Cap Absorption (PCS) event. These events result in a major pulse of both ion and electron energetic flux into the high latitude atmosphere during what we now refer to as coronal mass ejections from the sun. Based on our statistics from the last solar maximum in 1958 (IGY) we expected that we should get the conditions we wanted in two to three weeks; however, this field program lasted more than three months, with setup in July/August and launch the first week of November. These events usually last three to four days, so we planned to launch salvos of the payloads containing the instruments needed at sunrise, noon, sunset, and midnight for three days. This program was remarkably successful and included the launch about 50 rocket payloads over those three days – this was the only time I did not sleep for three days, even though we did setup cots in the hallways at the launch site (picture of the crew in Images/Memories).

The second major instrument developed for rocket experiments is a piezoelectric accelerometer sphere that measures the total density and wind velocity with exceptional precision. This instrument used a piezoelectric crystal on each side of a thin metal plate in a bimorph configuration. It was positioned in the center of a sphere released from the rocket on up-leg to spin stabilize it at 6 RPS. The accelerometer was able to measure the drag acceleration to less than 10-6 g and wind velocity to a fraction of a m/s between 40 and 160 km altitude. During the mid-1970s we launched about a dozen of these payloads and the engineer working with me on this project Programs have been conducted at Eglin AFB, NASA Wallops Island, Poker Flat Research Range Alaska, ESRANGE Sweden, Andoya Rocket Range Norway, Kwajalein Range, Fort Churchill CA, and White Sands Missile Range.

Documents Referencing My Work

"CSSL- A Leader In Atmospheric Studies", Mathews, J. D., On Line, Vol. 6, Chapter: 2, The Pennsylvania State University, 1989, pp. 1 - 3

Presentation Venues

Occasion	Location	When
11th ESA Symposium European Rocket and Balloon Programmes & Related Research	Montreux, Switzerland	24-28 May 1993
12th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry	Atlanta, Georgia	January 16-21, 2010
14th Plenary Meeting of COSPAR	Constance, FRG	23 May - 5 June 1973
15th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment	Ann Arbor, Michigan	May 11-15, 1981
17th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research	Sandejjord, Norway	30 May- 2 June 2005
18th ESA Symposium on 'European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research'	Visby, Sweden	June 3-7, 2007
18th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC)	Berlin, FRG	July 22-26, 1996
1996 Battlespace Atmospherics Conference	San Diego, California	3-5 December 1996
1996 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium	Lincoln, Nebraska	May 31, 1996
19th COSPAR Plenary Meeting	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	June 8-19, 1976
19th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research	Bad Reichenhall, Germany	7–11 June 2009
2006 International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research (ISSSR)	Bar Harbor, Maine	May 29 - June 6, 2006
22nd International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 2004)	Matera, Italy	12-16 July 2004
24th Annual Review of Atmospheric Transmission Models, ARFL Transmission Meeting	Hanscom AFB, Bedford, Massachusetts	6-8 June 2001
25th Annual Conference on Atmospheric Transmission and Radiance Models	The Museum of Our National Heritage, Lexington, Massachusetts	25-27 June 2002
26th Conference on Atmospheric Transmission, AFRL Transmission Meeting	The Museum of Our National Heritage, Lexington, Massachusetts	23-24 September 2003
29th Review of Atmospheric Transmission Models Meeting	Museum of Our National Heritage, Lexington, Massachusetts	June 13 -14, 2007
36th Annual Meeting, Institute of Nuclear Materials Management	Palm Desert, California	July 9-12, 1995
36th Review of Atmospheric Transmission Models (ATM) Conference	Hotel Hyatt Dulles, Herndon, Virginia	9-11 June 2015
75th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Section of APS	Raleigh, North Carolina	October 30 - November 1, 2008
7th ESA Symposium on European Rocket & Balloon Programmes and Related Research	Loen, Norway	5-11 May 1985
89th AMS Meeting	Phoenix, Arizona	11-15 January 2009
91st American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, 13th Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry	Seattle, Washington	January 22-27, 2011
AGARD SPP Symposium on "Remote Sensing: A Valuable Source of Information" AGARD-CP-582	Toulouse, France	22-25 April, 1996.
Air Force Optical Transmission Meeting	Phillips Laboratory - Hanscom AFB Bedford, Massachusetts	10-12 June 1997
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting	San Francisco, California	December 5-9, 2011
BACIMO 2003 Conference	Monterey, California	9–11 September 2003
BACIMO 2005 Conference	Monterey, California	12–14 October 2005
Battlespace Atmospheric and Cloud Impacts on Military Operations (BACIMO) Conference	Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts	1-3 December 1998
CMAS Conference	Chapel Hill, North Carolina	2003
Conference on Atmospheric Transmission	Air Force Geophisics Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, Massachusetts	June, 1997
COSPAR Symposium on Solar Proton Event	Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts	November 1969
Electrical Engineering Graduate Seminar	The Pennsylvania State University	December, 2005
Electromagnetic/Electro-Optics Performance Prediction and Products Symposium	Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey California	3-5 June 1997
ENCORE Lecture		April 20, 2011
Fifteenth COSPAR Meeting	Madrid, Spain	May 10-24, 1972
IEEE Proc. Combined Optical-Microwave Earth and Atmosphere
IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical-Microwave Earth and Atmosphere Sensing	Albuquerque, New Mexico	1993
IGARSS '94 - 1994 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium	Pasadena, California	August 8-12, 1994
Indian National Science Academy, 48		1982
International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)	Pasadena, CA.	August 8-12, 1994
International Laser Radar Conference	Innichen-San Candido, Italy	1988
International Symposium on Middle Atmosphere Dynamics and Transport	Urbana, Illinois	July 28 - August 1, 1980
International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology	San Diego, California	2001
International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2009: Laser Sensing and Imaging	Beijing, China	17 June 2009
Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques Topical Meeting	North Falmoth, Massachusetts	September 28-0ctober 1, 1987
NARSTO-NE-OPS	Philadelphia, PA	28 June – 1 August 2001
NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team (AQAST), 10th Semiannual Meeting	Research Triangle Park, North Carolina	Jan 5‐7, 2016
NASA Conference	Stanford University, Stanford, California	October 1-3, 1984
NATO Sensors and Electronics Panel Symposium	Italian Air Force Academy, Naples, Italy	March 16-19 1998
Northeast Oxidant and Particulate Study (NEOPS) Session		15 January 2002
NYSERDA Meeting	Albany NY	24-26 September 2001
Open Meetings of the Working Groups on Physical Sciences	Tel Aviv, Israel	June 7-18, 1977
Optical Instruments for Weather Forecasting, 45	Denver, Colorado	August 8-9,, 1996
Peer Review Panel: Future Exploratory Development Needs At Edgewood Chemical-Biological Center (ECBC)	Aberdeen, Maryland	30 April - 1 May 2001
Proceedings of Open Meetings of Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the Eighteenth Plenary Meeting of COSPAR	Varna, Bulgaria	29 May-7 June 1975
Proceedings of Open Meetings of Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the Fifteenth Plenary Meeting of COSPAR	Madrid, Spain	10-24 May, 1972
Proceedings of Society of Photo-Optical lnstrumentation Engineers	Orlando, Florida	5-7 April 1994
Proceedings of the 7th ESA Symposium on European Rocket & Balloon Programmes and Related Research	Loen, Norway,	1985
PSU EE Graduate Seminar		19 September 2006
Second Topical Symposium on Combined Optical-Microwave Earth and Atmosphere Sensing		3-6 April 1995
Second Topical Symposium on Combined Optical-Microwave Earth and Atmosphere Sensing	Atlanta, Georgia	3-6 April 1995
Second Topical Symposium on Combined Optical-Microwave Earth and Atmosphere Sensing		3-6 April 1995
Shuttle Small Payloads Symposium	Lanham, Maryland	October 20-23, 1992
Sixteenth International Laser Radar Conference	Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts	July 20-24, 1992
Solar-terrestrial physics discussion meeting	Melbourne, Australia	August 29-30, 1980
Space Research XII - Akademie-Verlag	Berlin	1972
Specialty Conference: Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants	Cary. North Carolina	September 1-3, 1998
SPIE 9612, Lidar Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring XV	San Diego, California	September 1, 2015
SPIE Defense + Security	Orlando, Florida, United States	2018
SPIE Defense + Security	Baltimore, Maryland, United States	2016
SPIE, Application of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics	Denver, Colorado	8-9 August 1996
SPIE, Optical Instruments for Weather Forecasting	Denver, Colorado	8-9 August 1996
Symposium on the Effect of the Ionosphere on Radiowave Systems	Washington, DC	April 14-16, 1981
The 18th Annual Conference on Atmospheric Transmission Models		June 6-8, 1995
The 19th Annual Conference on Atmospheric Transmission Models		June 4-6, 1996
The Pennsylvania State University	Pennsylvania	Dec. 2008
The Pennsylvania State University	Pennsylvania	1987
The Pennsylvania State University	Pennsylvania	2005
The Pennsylvania State University	University Park, PA, USA	April 2002
The Pennsylvania State University, Applied Research Laboratory	University Park, PA, USA	1996
The Seventh ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Research		1985
Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space	Hangzhou, China	2002
Topical Meeting of the COSPAR Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission C of the COSPAR Twenty-fourth Plenary Meeting	Ottawa, Canada	May 16 - June 2, 1982
Topical Meeting of the Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission C (Meetings C6, C7, C9, C10 and C11) of the COSPAR 28th Plenary Meeting	The Hague, Netherlands	June 25 - July 6, 1990
Twenty First International Laser Radar Conference (lLRC21)	Québec, Canada	8-12 July 2002
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 11th Annual Emission Inventory Conference	Atlanta, Georgia	April 16-18, 2002
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 12th Annual Emission Inventory Conference:	San Diego, California	April 29 – May 1, 2003
United States Naval Academy	Annapolis, Maryland	July 6-10 1998